What condition could result from running a hydraulic pump dry?

Running a hydraulic pump dry can lead to pump cavitation and damage because hydraulic pumps rely on fluid for lubrication and cooling. When there is insufficient or no fluid present, aeration can occur as the pump creates a vacuum to move fluid that is not there. This vacuum can lead to the formation of vapor bubbles, which collapse violently when they move into areas of higher pressure within the pump. The collapsing bubbles can cause physical erosion to the internal components of the pump, leading to significant damage or even complete pump failure. This condition compromises the integrity of the pump's design, as it is specifically engineered to operate with a consistent flow of hydraulic fluid. Therefore, maintaining proper fluid levels is critical for the longevity and performance of hydraulic pumps.